Iteknoloji yokunyibilikisa
Okwangoku, ukunyibilikiswa kweemveliso zokwenziwa kobhedu kudla ngokuthatha iziko lokunyibilikisa le-induction, kwaye kwamkela ukunyibilikiswa kwesithando somlilo kunye nokunyibilikiswa kwesithando somlilo.
I-smelting ye-furnace ye-induction ifanelekile kuzo zonke iintlobo zobhedu kunye ne-alloys yobhedu, kwaye ineempawu zokucoca okucocekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokunyibilika. Ngokwesakhiwo sesithando somlilo, ii-furnaces ze-induction zahlulwe kwii-furnaces ze-core induction kunye ne-coreless induction furnaces. Isithando somlilo se-cored induction sineempawu zemveliso ephezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal, kwaye ifanelekile ukunyibilika ngokuqhubekayo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobhedu kunye nobhedu, ezifana nobhedu obomvu kunye nobhedu. Isithando somlilo se-coreless induction sineempawu zesantya sokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokutshintshwa lula kweentlobo ze-alloy. Kufanelekile ukunyibilikisa i-alloys yobhedu kunye nobhedu kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-bronze kunye ne-cupronickel.
I-vacuum induction furnace yi-furnace induction exhotywe nge-vacuum system, ilungele ukunyibilikisa ubhedu kunye ne-alloys zethusi ezilula ukuphefumla kunye ne-oxidize, ezifana ne-oxygen-free copper, i-beryllium bronze, i-zirconium bronze, i-bronze ye-magnesium, njl.
Ukunyibilikiswa kwe-reverberatory furnace kungacokisa kwaye kususe ukungcola ekunyibilikeni, kwaye kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ekunyibilikiseni ubhedu olulahliweyo. Isithando somlilo se-shaft luhlobo lwesithando somlilo esinyibilikayo esikhawulezayo, esineenzuzo zokusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal, izinga lokunyibilika okuphezulu, kunye nokuvalwa kwesithando somlilo. Inokulawulwa; akukho nkqubo yokusulungekiswa, ngoko ke uninzi lwemathiriyeli ekrwada luyafuneka ukuba lube lubhedu lwe-cathode. Iziko le-shaft lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye noomatshini bokuphosa ngokuqhubekayo ukuphosa ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye inokusetyenziswa nokubamba iziko lokuphoswa kwe-semi-continuous casting.
Umkhwa wophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-copper smelting ibonakaliswa ikakhulu ekunciphiseni ilahleko evuthayo yezinto eziluhlaza, ukunciphisa i-oxidation kunye ne-inhalation yokunyibilika, ukuphucula umgangatho wokunyibilika, kunye nokwamkela ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu (isantya sokunyibilika kwesithando sokufakelwa sikhulu kune-10 t / h), ubungakanani obukhulu (umthamo we-induction / iseti ye-3 ubomi obude) yi-1 ukuya kwi-2 iminyaka) kunye nokugcina amandla (ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwi-furnace induction ingaphantsi kwe-360 kW h / t), isithando somlilo sixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokukhupha igesi (CO gas degassing), kunye nesithando somlilo I-sensor ithatha isakhiwo sokutshiza, izixhobo zokulawula umbane zisebenzisa i-bidirectional conversioner fursion, i-furectional frequency fursion imeko kunye ne-refractory ye-refractory field monitoring kunye ne-alarm system, i-furnace yokubamba ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokulinganisa, kwaye ulawulo lobushushu luchaneke ngakumbi.
Izixhobo zoMveliso - Umgca wokuSlitting
Ukuveliswa komgca we-copper strip slitting line-slitting eqhubekayo kunye nomgca wokuvelisa owenziwe banzi owandisa i-coil ebanzi ngokusebenzisa i-uncoiler, ukusika i-coil kububanzi obufunekayo ngomatshini wokuqhawula, kwaye uyibuyisele kwiikhoyili ezininzi nge-winder.
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(Ilayisha imoto) Sebenzisa itroli yokutya ukubeka ngesandla umqulu wezinto kwigubu le-uncoiler kwaye uliqinise.
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(I-Uncoiler kunye ne-anti-loosening pressure roller) Khulula ikhoyili ngoncedo lwesikhokelo sokuvula kunye ne-roller yoxinzelelo.
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(NO · 1 looper kunye nebhulorho ejingi) ugcino kunye nesithinteli
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(Isikhokelo somphetho kunye nesixhobo se-pinch roller) Iirola ezithe nkqo zikhokela iphepha kwi-pinch rollers ukuthintela ukutenxa, ububanzi be-roller yesikhokelo esithe nkqo kunye nokuma kuyahlengahlengiswa.
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(Umatshini wokuqhawula) faka umatshini wokuqhawula indawo kunye nokuqhawula
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(Ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza isitulo esijikelezayo) Isixhobo sokutshintshiselana ngeqela
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(Isixhobo sokujija izinto ezilahliweyo) Sika inkunkuma
↓(Itheyibhile yesikhokelo esiphumayo kunye nesithinteli somsila) Yazisa i-NO.2 looper
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(ibhulorho ejingi kunye ne-NO.2 looper) ukugcinwa kwezinto kunye nokuphelisa umahluko wobunzima
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(Cinizela ipleyiti yoxinzelelo kunye nesixhobo sokwahlula ishafti yokwandisa umoya) zibonelela ngamandla oxinzelelo, ipleyiti kunye nokwahlulwa kwebhanti
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(Isichebi sokucheba, isixhobo sokulinganisa ubude bokuqhuba kunye netafile yesikhokelo) ukulinganisa ubude, icoil yobude obusisigxina segmentation, tape isikhokelo sokuhlanganisa
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(iwinder, isixhobo sokwahlula, isixhobo sokutyhala ipleyiti) isihlunu sokwahlula, ukubhijela
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(ilori ezothulayo, ukupakishwa) ukothula iteyiphu yobhedu kunye nokupakishwa
IThekhnoloji yokuRola eshushu
Ukuqengqeleka okushushu kusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-billet rolling ye-ingots kwiphepha, i-strip kunye nemveliso yefoyile.
Inkcazo ye-Ingot ye-billet rolling kufuneka iqwalasele izinto ezifana neentlobo zemveliso, isikali sokuvelisa, indlela yokuphosa, njl., kwaye zihambelana neemeko zezixhobo zokuqengqeleka (ezifana nokuvulwa komqulu, umgca we-diameter, uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo, amandla emoto, kunye nobude betafile ye-roller), njl. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umlinganiselo phakathi kobunzima be-ingot kunye nobubanzi be-roll yi-1: (3.5 ~ 7): ububanzi ngokuqhelekileyo bulingana okanye amaxesha amaninzi ububanzi bemveliso egqityiweyo, kwaye ububanzi kunye nobungakanani bokunciphisa kufuneka buqwalaselwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ububanzi be-slab kufuneka bube yi-80% yobude bomzimba we-roll. Ubude be-ingot kufuneka buqwalaselwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokwemiqathango yemveliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, phantsi kwengcamango yokuba ubushushu bokugqibela bokuqengqeleka obushushu bunokulawulwa, ixesha elide i-ingot, iphezulu imveliso esebenzayo kunye nesivuno.
Iingcaciso ze-ingot zezityalo zokwenziwa kobhedu ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ziqhelekile (60 ~ 150) mm × (220 ~ 450) mm × (2000 ~ 3200) mm, kwaye ubunzima be-ingot yi-1.5 ~ 3 t; Iingcaciso ze-ingot zezityalo ezinkulu zokulungisa ubhedu Ngokuqhelekileyo, yi (150～250)mm×(630～1250)mm×(2400～8000)mm, kwaye ubunzima be-ingot yi-4.5～20 t.
Ngethuba lokutshisa okutshisayo, ukushisa kwe-roll surface kuphakama ngokukhawuleza ngexesha xa umqulu udibanisa neqhekeza eliphezulu. Ukwandiswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa okubandayo kubangela ukuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka phezu komqulu. Ke ngoko, ukupholisa kunye nokuthambisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha lokuqengqeleka okushushu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amanzi okanye i-emulsion ye-concentration ephantsi isetyenziswa njengendawo yokupholisa kunye ne-lubricating medium. Izinga lokusebenza lilonke lokuqengqeleka okushushu ngokuqhelekileyo li-90% ukuya kuma-95%. Ubukhulu bomcu oshushu oqengqelekayo buba yi-9 ukuya kwi-16 mm. Umphezulu wokugaya umtya emva kokuqengqeleka okushushu kunokususa umaleko weoksidi yomphezulu, ukungenelela kwesikali kunye nezinye iziphene eziveliswe ngexesha lokusalwa, ukufudumeza kunye nokuqengqeleka okushushu. Ngokobunzima beziphene zomphezulu womgca we-hot-rolled strip kunye neemfuno zenkqubo, isixa sokugaya kwicala ngalinye ngu-0.25 ukuya ku-0.5 mm.
Izixhobo zokusila ezishushu eziqengqelekayo ziqhelekile zimbini phezulu okanye ezine phezulu ezijikayo. Ngokwandiswa kwe-ingot kunye nokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kobude be-strip, inqanaba lolawulo kunye nomsebenzi wesixhobo sokusila esishushu sinomkhuba wokuphucula okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphucula, njengokusetyenziswa kokulawula ubukhulu obuzenzekelayo, ukugoba ukugoba kwe-hydraulic, imiqulu yangaphambili kunye nasemva ethe nkqo, imiqulu yokupholisa kuphela ngaphandle kokupholisa isixhobo sokuqengqeleka, i-TPnching rolling, i-online rolling, i-Rollton-Pique ukuqengqeleka, ukudityaniswa kwe-intanethi kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuphucula ukufana kwesakhiwo somcu kunye neempawu kunye nokufumana ipleyiti engcono.
Itekhnoloji yokuCasa
Ukujulwa kwealloyi zobhedu kunye nobhedu lwahlulwe ngokubanzi: ukuphosa okuthe nkqo okuthe nkqo, okuthe nkqo okuqhubekekayo, ukuphosa okuthe tye okuqhubekekayo, ukuphosa okuthe gqolo phezulu kunye nobunye ubugcisa bokuphosa.
A. Ngokuthe nkqo Semi-eqhubekayo Casting
I-semi-continuous casting ineempawu zezixhobo ezilula kunye nemveliso eguquguqukayo, kwaye ifanelekile ukuphosa ii-ingots ezahlukeneyo ezijikelezayo kunye nezisicaba zobhedu kunye ne-alloys yobhedu. Imowudi yothumelo yomatshini wokuphosa othe nkqo semi-oqhubekayo yahlulwe kwi-hydraulic, i-lead screw kunye nentambo yocingo. Ngenxa yokuba ukuhanjiswa kwe-hydraulic kuzinzile, kuye kwasetyenziswa ngakumbi. I-crystallizer inokushukunyiswa ngama-amplitudes ahlukeneyo kunye nee-frequencies njengoko kufuneka. Okwangoku, i-semi-continuous casting method isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yobhedu kunye ne-copper alloy ingots.
B. UCatho oluthe nkqo oluqhubekayo
Ukuphosa okuqhubekayo okuthe nkqo kuneempawu zemveliso enkulu kunye nesivuno esikhulu (malunga ne-98%), ilungele ukuveliswa okukhulu kunye nokuqhubekayo kweengots ezinoluhlu olulodwa kunye nokucaciswa, kwaye iba yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokukhetha inkqubo yokunyibilika kunye nokuphosa kwimigca yokuvelisa i-copper strip yanamhlanje. Umngundo othe nkqo oqhubekayo oqhubekayo wamkela inqanaba lolwelo lwelaser olungadibananga nolawulo oluzenzekelayo. Umatshini wokuphosa ngokubanzi wamkela i-hydraulic clamping, ukuhanjiswa koomatshini, i-oyile epholileyo ye-chip eyomileyo ye-intanethi kunye nokuqokelelwa kwetshiphu, ukumakisha okuzenzekelayo, kunye nokuthambeka kwe-ingot. Isakhiwo sinzima kwaye iqondo lokuzenzekelayo liphezulu.
C. UkuSasa ngokuNxweme ngokuQolekileyo
Ukuphosa okuthe tye okuqhubekayo kunokuvelisa iibhilidi kunye neebhilidi zocingo.
I-strip ethe tyaba ethe tyaba yokuphosa eqhubekayo inokuvelisa imicu yobhedu kunye ne-alloy yobhedu enobunzima obuyi-14-20mm. Imihlulo kolu luhlu lokutyeba inokuqengqeleka ngokuthe ngqo ebandayo ngaphandle kokuqengqeleka kushushu, ngoko ke isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ingxubevange ekunzima ukutshisa (ezifana netoti. Ubhedu lwephosphor, ubhedu olulothe, njl.njl.), lunokuvelisa nobhedu, i-curonickel kunye ne-alloy ephantsi ye-alloy strip yobhedu. Ngokuxhomekeke kububanzi bomgca wokuphosa, ukuphosa okuthe tyaba okuthe tyaba kunokuphosa imicu enye ukuya kwe-4 ngaxeshanye. Ngokuqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo ethe tyaba eqhubekayo oomatshini yokuphosa angaphosa imicu emibini ngaxeshanye, ngalinye linobubanzi obungaphantsi kwama-450 mm, okanye ukuphosa umcu omnye kunye nobubanzi be-650-900 mm. Umcu wokuphosa othe tye othe tye wamkela inkqubo yokuphosa umva wokutyhalela umva, kwaye kukho imigca yecrystallization yeperiod emphezulu, ekufuneka ipheliswe ngokubanzi ngokusila. Kukho imizekelo yasekhaya yeentambo zobhedu ezinomgangatho ophezulu ezinokuveliswa ngokuzoba kunye nokuphosa iibhilidi ze-strip ngaphandle kokugaya.
I-Horizontal casting eqhubekayo ye-tube, intonga kunye neebhilethi zocingo zinokukhupha i-1 ukuya kwi-ingots ye-20 ngexesha elifanayo ngokwe-alloys ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkcukacha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ububanzi bebha okanye ucingo olungenanto luyi-6 ukuya ku-400 mm, kwaye ububanzi bangaphandle betyhubhu engenanto yi-25 ukuya kwi-300 mm. Ubunzima bodonga buyi-5-50 mm, kwaye ubude becala le-ingot ngu-20-300 mm. Iingenelo zendlela ethe tye eqhubekayo yokuphosa kukuba inkqubo imfutshane, indleko yokuvelisa iphantsi, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ikwayindlela yokuvelisa eyimfuneko kwezinye izinto zealloyi ezinokungasebenzi kakuhle okushushu. Kutshanje, iyona ndlela iphambili yokwenza iibhilethi zeemveliso zethusi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezifana ne-tin-phosphor bronze strips, i-zinc-nickel alloy strips, kunye ne-phosphorus-deoxidized copper air-conditioning pipes. iindlela zokuvelisa.
Ukungalungi kwendlela yokuvelisa i-horizontal eqhubekayo: iintlobo ezifanelekileyo ze-alloy zilula, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zegraphite kwi-sleeve yangaphakathi yokungunda kukhulu kakhulu, kwaye ukufana kwe-crystalline yecandelo lomnqamlezo we-ingot akulula ukulawula. Inxalenye engezantsi ye-ingot iqhubeka ipholile ngenxa yempembelelo yobunzima, obusondeleyo kudonga lwangaphakathi lwe-mold, kwaye iinkozo zicolile; inxalenye ephezulu ibangelwa ukubunjwa kwezithuba zomoya kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bokunyibilika, okubangela ukuba i-lag iqiniswe kwi-ingot, enciphisa izinga lokupholisa kwaye yenza i-ingot solidification hysteresis. Ulwakhiwo lwekristale lurhabaxa, olubonakala ngakumbi kwiingots ezinkulu. Ngokujonga ezi ntsilelo zingentla, indlela yokugoba ethe nkqo enebillet iyaphuhliswa okwangoku. Inkampani yaseJamani yasebenzisa i-vertical bending caster eqhubekayo yokuvavanya (16-18) mm × 680 mm imicu ye-tin ye-tin efana ne-DHP kunye ne-CuSn6 ngesantya se-600 mm / min.
D. Upward Continuous Casting
Ukuphoswa okuphezulu okuqhubekayo kubuchwephesha bokuphosa obuphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka eyi-20 ukuya kwe-30 edlulileyo, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeebhilidi zocingo kwiintambo zocingo ezikhanyayo. Isebenzisa umgaqo wokufunxa ivacuum kwaye yamkele itekhnoloji yokumisa ukutsalwa ukuze iqonde ukuphoswa kweentloko ezininzi. Ineempawu zezixhobo ezilula, utyalo-mali oluncinci, ilahleko encinci yesinyithi, kunye neenkqubo eziphantsi zokungcoliseka kwendalo. Ukuphosa phezulu okuqhubekayo ngokuqhelekileyo kukulungele ukuveliswa kobhedu obomvu kunye neebhilithi zocingo lwe-oxygen-free. Impumelelo entsha ephuhliswe kule minyaka yakutsha nje kukuthandwa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwityhubhu engenanto yobubanzi obukhulu, ubhedu kunye ne-cupronickel. Okwangoku, iyunithi yokuphosa eqhubekayo ephezulu kunye nemveliso yonyaka ye-5,000 t kunye nobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-Φ100 mm iphuhlisiwe; Ubhedu oluqhelekileyo lwebinary kunye ne-zinc-white copper ternary alloy wire billets ziye zaveliswa, kwaye isivuno seebhilidi zocingo sinokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-90%.
E. Ezinye iindlela zokuSasa
Iteknoloji ye-billet eqhubekayo iphantsi kophuhliso. Inqoba iziphene ezifana namanqaku e-slub enziwe kumphezulu wangaphandle we-billet ngenxa yenkqubo yokuyeka ukutsalwa kokuphosa okunyukayo okuqhubekayo, kwaye umgangatho ophezulu ugqwesile. Kwaye ngenxa yeempawu zokuqina eziphantse zibe ngumkhombandlela, ubume bangaphakathi bufana ngakumbi kwaye busulungekile, ngoko ke ukusebenza kwemveliso nako kungcono. Iteknoloji yemveliso yohlobo lwebhanti eqhubekayo yokuphosa i-billet yocingo lobhedu isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimigca emikhulu yemveliso ngaphezu kweetoni ezi-3. Indawo enqamlezileyo ye-slab ngokubanzi ingaphezulu kwe-2000 mm2, kwaye ilandelwa yi-rolling mill eqhubekayo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwemveliso.
I-electromagnetic casting iye yazanywa kwilizwe lam kwangeminyaka yoo-1970s, kodwa imveliso yemizi-mveliso ayikaphunyezwa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, itekhnoloji yokuphosa i-electromagnetic yenze inkqubela phambili enkulu. Okwangoku, ii-ingots zethusi ezingenayo i-oxygen ye-Φ200 mm ziye zaphoswa ngempumelelo kunye nomphezulu ogudileyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, umphumo oshukumisayo wentsimi ye-electromagnetic kwi-melt inokukhuthaza ukukhupha kunye nokususwa kwe-slag, kunye nobhedu olungenayo i-oxygen kunye nomxholo we-oksijini ongaphantsi kwe-0.001% unokufumaneka.
Isalathiso setekhnoloji entsha yokugalela ingxubevange yobhedu kukuphucula ubume bomngundo ngokuqiniswa kokwalathiso, ukuqina okukhawulezileyo, ukubunjwa kwe-semi-solid, ukushukuma kwe-electromagnetic, unyango lwemetamorphic, ulawulo oluzenzekelayo lwenqanaba lolwelo kunye nezinye iindlela zobugcisa ngokwethiyori yokuqina. , ukuxinana, ukucocwa, kunye nokuqaphela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kunye nokwakhiwa okukufutshane.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuchithwa kwe-alloys zethusi kunye nobhedu kuya kuba kukubambisana kweteknoloji yokuphosa i-semi-continuous kunye ne-teknoloji eqhubekayo yokuphosa, kwaye umlinganiselo wesicelo sobugcisa obuqhubekayo uya kuqhubeka nokunyuka.
Itekhnoloji yokuqengqeleka ebandayo
Ngokokucaciswa kwemigca eqengqelekayo kunye nenkqubo yokuqengqeleka, ukuqengqeleka okubandayo kwahlulahlulwe ngokweentyantyambo, ukuqengqeleka okuphakathi kunye nokugqiba ukuqengqeleka. Inkqubo yokubanda epholileyo i-strip strip kunye nobukhulu be-14 ukuya kwi-16 mm kunye ne-billet eshushu eshushu kunye nobukhulu obumalunga ne-5 ukuya kwi-16 mm ukuya kwi-2 ukuya kwi-6 mm ibizwa ngokuba yi-blooming, kwaye inkqubo yokuqhubeka nokunciphisa ubukhulu beqhekeza eliqengqelekayo libizwa ngokuba yi-intermediate rolling. , ukuqengqeleka kokugqibela okubandayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso egqityiweyo kuthiwa ukuqengqeleka kokugqiba.
Inkqubo ebandayo yokuqengqeleka idinga ukulawula inkqubo yokunciphisa (izinga lokucubungula lilonke, izinga lokupasa kunye nesantya sokulungiswa kwemveliso) ngokweengxube ezahlukeneyo, ukucaciswa kwemigqaliselo kunye neemfuno ezigqityiweyo zokusebenza kwemveliso, ukhethe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ulungelelanise imilo yomqulu, kwaye ukhethe ngokufanelekileyo indlela yokuthambisa kunye ne-lubricant. Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye nohlengahlengiso.
Izingqusho ezibandayo eziqengqelekayo zisebenzisa izixhobo zokusila ezine phezulu okanye ezininzi eziphezulu ezijikayo. Iinqwelo zokusila zale mihla ezibandayo zisebenzisa uthotho lwetekhnoloji ezifana ne-hydraulic positive kunye ne-negative roll goving, ulawulo oluzenzekelayo lobunzima, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, i-axial movement of rolls, i-segmental cooling of rolls, ulawulo oluzenzekelayo lwe-plate shape, kunye nokulungelelaniswa okuzenzekelayo kweziqwenga eziqengqelekayo, ukwenzela ukuba ukuchaneka komcu kunokuphuculwa. Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.25±0.005 mm kunye nangaphakathi kwe-5I yobume bepleyiti.
Umkhwa wophuhliso wobuchwephesha bokuqengqeleka obubandayo bubonakala kuphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusila ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, isantya esiphezulu sokuqengqeleka, ubungqingqwa bemigca echaneke ngakumbi kunye nolawulo lwemilo, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuncedisayo obufana nokupholisa, ukuthambisa, ukubhijela, ukugxila kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. ukulungiswa, njl.
Izixhobo zoMveliso-Isithando somlilo
Iziko le-Bell jar kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye novavanyo lokulinga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amandla amakhulu kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kukhulu. Kumashishini amashishini, iLuoyang Sigma yokuphakamisa isithando somlilo yi-ceramic fiber, enefuthe elihle lokonga amandla, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi. Yonga umbane kunye nexesha, nto leyo enenzuzo ukwandisa imveliso.
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu eyadlulayo, i-BRANDS yaseJamani kunye ne-Philips, inkampani ekhokelayo kwishishini lemveliso ye-ferrite, ngokudibeneyo baphuhlise umatshini omtsha wokucoca. Ukuphuhliswa kwesi sixhobo kuhambelana neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zeshishini le-ferrite. Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-BRANDS Bell Furnace ihlaziywa ngokuqhubekayo.
Unikela ingqalelo kwiimfuno zeenkampani ezidumileyo zehlabathi ezifana ne-Philips, Siemens, TDK, FDK, njl., Eziphinda zizuze kakhulu kwizixhobo eziphezulu ze-BRANDS.
Ngenxa yozinzo oluphezulu lweemveliso eziveliswa ziintsimbi zentsimbi, iintsimbi zentsimbi ziye zaba ziinkampani eziphezulu kwishishini lokuvelisa i-ferrite. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu eyadlulayo, i-kiln yokuqala eyenziwe yi-BRANDS isavelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu wePhilips.
Uphawu oluphambili lwesithando somlilo esinikezelwa yintsimbi yentsimbi lusebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Inkqubo yayo yokulawula ekrelekrele kunye nezinye izixhobo zenza iyunithi esebenzayo epheleleyo, enokuthi ihlangabezane ngokupheleleyo neemfuno eziphantse zibe kumgangatho weshishini le-ferrite.
Abathengi be-Bell jar bangenza inkqubo kwaye bagcine nayiphi na iprofayili yobushushu / i-atmosphere efunekayo ukuvelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ukongeza, abathengi banokuvelisa naziphi na ezinye iimveliso ngexesha ngokweemfuno zokwenyani, ngaloo ndlela becutha amaxesha okukhokela kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Isixhobo se-sintering kufuneka sibe nokuhlengahlengiswa kakuhle ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ukuze zilungelelanise ngokuqhubekayo kwiimfuno zemarike. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimveliso ezihambelanayo kufuneka ziveliswe ngokweemfuno zomthengi ngamnye.
Umvelisi olungileyo we-ferrite unokuvelisa ngaphezu kwe-1000 yeemagnethi ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zabathengi. Ezi zifuna ukukwazi ukuphinda inkqubo ye-sintering ngokuchaneka okuphezulu. Iinkqubo zentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi ziye zaba ziziko eziqhelekileyo kubo bonke abavelisi be-ferrite.
Kwishishini le-ferrite, ezi ziko zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nexabiso eliphezulu μ ixabiso le-ferrite, ngakumbi kushishino lonxibelelwano. Akunakwenzeka ukuvelisa ii-cores ezisemgangathweni ngaphandle kwesithando somlilo.
Iziko lentsimbi lifuna kuphela abaqhubi abambalwa ngexesha le-sintering, ukulayishwa kunye nokukhulula kunokugqitywa emini, kunye ne-sintering ingagqitywa ebusuku, ivumela ukuchetywa kwe-peak yombane, okusebenzayo kakhulu kwimeko yokunqongophala kwamandla namhlanje. Iziko le-Bell jar livelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye lonke utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo lubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ubushushu kunye nolawulo lwe-atmosphere, uyilo lwesithando somlilo kunye nolawulo lokuhamba komoya ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo zonke zihlanganiswe ngokugqibeleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukufudumeza kwemveliso efanayo kunye nokupholisa. Ukulawula umoya we-kiln ngexesha lokupholisa kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobushushu be-kiln kwaye kunokuqinisekisa umxholo we-oxygen we-0.005% okanye nangaphantsi. Kwaye ezi zizinto abo sikhuphisana nabo abangakwaziyo ukuzenza.
Ndiyabulela kwinkqubo yokufakwa kwenkqubo yealphanumeric epheleleyo, iinkqubo ze-sintering ezinde zinokuphinda-phinda, ngaloo ndlela ziqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso. Xa uthengisa imveliso, ikwangumboniso womgangatho wemveliso.
Ubuchwephesha boNyango loBushushu
Ii-ingots ezimbalwa ze-alloy (i-strips) kunye nokwahlula okunzima kwe-dendrite okanye ukuxinzezeleka koxinzelelo, njenge-tin-phosphor bronze, kufuneka kuqhutywe i-homogenization annealing ekhethekileyo, eyenziwa ngokubanzi kwisithando somlilo sentsimbi. Ubushushu be-homogenization annealing ngokubanzi buphakathi kwama-600 kunye nama-750°C.
Okwangoku, uninzi lwe-annealing ephakathi (i-recrystallization annealing) kunye nokugqitywa kwe-annealing (i-annealing yokulawula urhulumente kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso) ye-copper alloy strips i-annealing ekhanyayo ngokukhuselwa kwegesi. Iintlobo zesithando somlilo ziquka intsimbi yengqayi yomlilo, isithando somlilo somqamelo, isithando somlilo esithe nkqo, njl. njl.
Umkhwa wophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bonyango lobushushu lubonakaliswa kunyango olushushu oluqengqelekayo kwi-intanethi yezixhobo ze-alloyi ezomelezwe yimvula kunye nethekhinoloji yonyango lobushushu obulandelayo, ukuqhobosheka okuqaqambileyo okuqhubekayo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-annealing kwindawo ekhuselayo.
Ukucima-Ukuguga unyango lobushushu lusetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukomeleza ukunyangwa kobushushu bealloyi zobhedu. Ngonyango lokushisa, imveliso itshintsha i-microstructure yayo kwaye ifumana iipropati ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo. Ngophuhliso lwamandla aphezulu kunye ne-high-conductivity alloys, inkqubo yokucima ukushisa okutshisayo iya kusetyenziswa ngakumbi. Izixhobo zonyango zokwaluphala ziphantse zifane nezixhobo zokuthomalalisa.
Itekhnoloji ye-Extrusion
I-Extrusion ngumbhobho ovuthiweyo kunye nobhedu kunye nobhedu lwe-alloy, intonga, ukuveliswa kweprofayili kunye nendlela yokubonelela nge-billet. Ngokutshintsha ukufa okanye ukusebenzisa indlela ye-perforation extrusion, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy kunye neemilo ezinqamlezayo ezinqamlezayo zinokukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo. Ngokusebenzisa i-extrusion, i-cast cast ye-ingot iguqulwa ibe yinkqubo esetyenzisiweyo, kwaye i-billet ye-tube ekhutshiweyo kunye ne-bar billet inokuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-dimensional, kwaye isakhiwo silungile kwaye siyafana. Indlela ye-extrusion yindlela yokuvelisa esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngumbhobho wobhedu wasekhaya nangaphandle kunye nabavelisi beentonga.
Ukubunjwa kwe-alloy ye-Copper kuqhutywa ikakhulu ngabavelisi boomatshini kwilizwe lam, ingakumbi kubandakanywa ukufola simahla kunye ne-faging forging, enje ngeegiya ezinkulu, iigiya zeentshulube, iintshulube, imisesane yegiya ye-synchronizer yemoto, njl.
Indlela ye-extrusion inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu: i-extrusion yangaphambili, i-reverse extrusion kunye ne-extrusion ekhethekileyo. Phakathi kwabo, kukho izicelo ezininzi zokuqhubela phambili, i-reverse extrusion isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweentonga ezincinci kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi kunye neengcingo, kunye ne-extrusion ekhethekileyo isetyenziswe kwimveliso ekhethekileyo.
Xa i-extruding, ngokweepropati ze-alloy, iimfuno zobugcisa zeemveliso ezikhutshiweyo, kunye nomthamo kunye nesakhiwo se-extruder, uhlobo, ubungakanani kunye ne-extrusion coefficient ye-ingot kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba i-degree of deformation ingekho ngaphantsi kwe-85%. Ukushisa kwe-extrusion kunye nesantya se-extrusion yimilinganiselo esisiseko yenkqubo ye-extrusion, kunye noluhlu olufanelekileyo lweqondo lokushisa kufuneka lugqitywe ngokuhambelana nomzobo weplastiki kunye nomzobo wesigaba setsimbi. Kwiialloyi zobhedu kunye nobhedu, iqondo lobushushu le-extrusion ngokubanzi liphakathi kwe-570 kunye ne-950 °C, kwaye iqondo lokushisa eliphuma kwi-copper liphezulu ukuya kwi-1000 ukuya kwi-1050 °C. Xa kuthelekiswa neqondo lobushushu le-extrusion cylinder 400 ukuya kuma-450 °C, umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwezi zimbini uphezulu kakhulu. Ukuba isantya se-extrusion sicotha kakhulu, ubushushu bomphezulu we-ingot buya kuhla ngokukhawuleza, okubangela ukwanda kokungalingani kokuhamba kwesinyithi, okuya kukhokelela ekunyuseni komthwalo we-extrusion, kwaye kubangele into edinayo. Ngoko ke, ii-alloys zobhedu kunye nobhedu ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa i-High-speed extrusion, isantya se-extrusion sinokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-50 mm / s.
Xa i-alloys yobhedu kunye nobhedu ikhutshwe, i-extrusion ye-peelling isoloko isetyenziselwa ukususa iziphene zomhlaba we-ingot, kwaye ubukhulu be-peel 1-2 m. Ukutywinwa kwamanzi ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ekuphumeni kwe-billet ye-extrusion, ukwenzela ukuba imveliso ipholiswe kwi-tank yamanzi emva kokukhutshwa, kwaye umphezulu wemveliso awunayo i-oxidized, kwaye ukuqhutyelwa okubandayo okulandelayo kunokwenziwa ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ivame ukusebenzisa i-extruder ye-tonnage enkulu kunye nesixhobo sokuthatha i-synchronous ukukhupha ityhubhu okanye iikhoyili zocingo ezinobunzima obunye obungaphezulu kwe-500 kg, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuveliswa kwemveliso kunye nesivuno esibanzi sokulandelelana okulandelayo. Okwangoku, imveliso yobhedu kunye nemibhobho yealloy yobhedu ikakhulu ithatha i-horizontal hydraulic forward extruders ene-extruder ezimeleyo yokugqobhoza (isenzo esiphindwe kabini) kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempompo yeoli ngokuthe ngqo, kunye nokuveliswa kwemivalo ubukhulu becala yamkela inkqubo yokugqobhoza engazimeleyo (isenzo esinye) kunye nepompo ye-oyile yokuhambisa ngokuthe ngqo. I-hydraulic ethe tye ngaphambili okanye i-reverse extruder. Inkcazo ye-extruder esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-8-50 MN, kwaye ngoku ivame ukuveliswa ngama-extruders amakhulu e-tonnage ngaphezu kwe-40 MN ukwandisa ubunzima obunye be-ingot, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nesivuno.
I-extruders ye-hydraulic yanamhlanje ethe tyaba ixhotyiswe ngesakhelo esidityanisiweyo se-prestressed, i-extrusion barrel "X" isikhokelo kunye nenkxaso, inkqubo ye-perforation eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, inaliti yokugqobhoza yangaphakathi, i-sliding okanye i-rotary die set kunye ne-Die eguqukayo yesixhobo, i-high-power variable oil pump direct drive, i-valve ye-logic ehlanganisiweyo, ulawulo lwe-PLC oluphezulu, i-PLCnologies kunye nezinye izixhobo eziphuculweyo. ukusebenza, uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo, kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda ulawulo lwenkqubo. Ubuchwephesha be-extrusion obuqhubekayo (Conform) buye benza inkqubela ethile kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ingakumbi ukuveliswa kweentsimbi ezimile okwezodwa ezifana neengcingo zombane zikaloliwe, nto leyo ethembisa kakhulu. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, itekhnoloji entsha ye-extrusion iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye indlela yokuphuhlisa itekhnoloji ye-extrusion ifakwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: (1) Izixhobo zokukhupha. I-extrusion force ye-extrusion press iya kuphuhliswa kwindlela enkulu, kwaye i-extrusion press engaphezulu kwe-30MN iya kuba ngumzimba oyintloko, kwaye ukuzenzekelayo komgca wokuvelisa i-extrusion kuya kuqhubeka nokuphucula. Oomatshini banamhlanje be-extrusion bamkele ngokupheleleyo ulawulo lwenkqubo yekhompyuter kunye nolawulo lwengqiqo ecwangcisiweyo, ukuze impumelelo yemveliso iphuculwe kakhulu, abaqhubi bancitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo okungaqhutywayo kwemigca yemveliso ye-extrusion.
Ulwakhiwo lomzimba we-extruder luye lwaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye lwafezekiswa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezinye ii-horizontal extruders ziye zamkela isakhelo se-prestressed ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sonke. I-extruder yanamhlanje iqonda iindlela zokuphuma phambili kunye nokubuyisela umva. I-extruder ixhotyiswe ngee-shafts ezimbini ze-extrusion (i-main extrusion shaft kunye ne-shaft die). Ngethuba lokukhupha, i-cylinder ye-extrusion ihamba kunye ne-shaft engundoqo. Ngeli xesha, imveliso Isalathiso sokuphuma sihambelana nesalathiso esihambayo se-shaft ephambili kwaye ichasene nesalathiso esihambelanayo se-axis yokufa. Isiseko sokufa se-extruder sikwamkele ukucwangciswa kwezikhululo ezininzi, ezingaququzeleli kuphela utshintsho lokufa, kodwa luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. I-extruders yanamhlanje isebenzisa i-laser deviation adjustment control device, ebonelela ngedatha esebenzayo kwimeko yomgca weziko le-extrusion, olulungele ukulungiswa kwexesha kunye nokukhawuleza. Ipompo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwempompo ye-hydraulic press usebenzisa i-oyile njengoko i-medium yokusebenza ithathe indawo ngokupheleleyo i-hydraulic press. Izixhobo ze-Extrusion zihlaziywa rhoqo kunye nophuhliso lweteknoloji ye-extrusion. Inaliti yangaphakathi yokupholisa yokupholisa amanzi iye yakhuthazwa ngokubanzi, kwaye ukuhlatywa kwecandelo elinqamlezayo kunye nenaliti yokuqengqeleka kuphucula kakhulu umphumo wokuthanjiswa. Iimbumba zeCeramic kunye ne-alloy metal molds kunye nobomi obude kunye nomgangatho ophezulu womphezulu zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
Izixhobo ze-Extrusion zihlaziywa rhoqo kunye nophuhliso lweteknoloji ye-extrusion. Inaliti yangaphakathi yokupholisa yokupholisa amanzi iye yakhuthazwa ngokubanzi, kwaye ukuhlatywa kwecandelo elinqamlezayo kunye nenaliti yokuqengqeleka kuphucula kakhulu umphumo wokuthanjiswa. Ukusetyenziswa kokubumba kwe-ceramic kunye nokubumba kwensimbi ye-alloy kunye nobomi obude kunye nomgangatho ophezulu womphezulu uthandwa kakhulu. (2) Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-Extrusion. Iindidi kunye neenkcukacha zeemveliso ezikhutshiweyo zihlala zikhula. I-extrusion yecandelo elincinci, i-ultra-high-precision tubes, iintonga, iiprofayili kunye neeprofayili ezinkulu kakhulu ziqinisekisa ukubonakala komgangatho weemveliso, ukunciphisa iziphene zangaphakathi zeemveliso, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwejometri, kunye nokukhuthaza ngakumbi iindlela zokukhupha ezifana nokusebenza okufanayo kweemveliso ezikhutshiweyo. Itekhnoloji yanamhlanje ye-reverse extrusion nayo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Kwisinyithi esine-oxidized ngokulula, i-extrusion yetywina yamanzi yamkelwa, enokunciphisa ungcoliseko lokucoca, ukunciphisa ilahleko yesinyithi, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weemveliso. Kwiimveliso ezikhutshiweyo ezifuna ukucinywa, lawula nje ukushisa okufanelekileyo. Indlela ye-extrusion yesitywina samanzi inokufezekisa injongo, inciphise ngokufanelekileyo umjikelezo wemveliso kwaye igcine amandla.
Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo komthamo we-extruder kunye nobuchwepheshe be-extrusion, iteknoloji ye-extrusion yanamhlanje iye yasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngcembe, njenge-extrusion ye-isothermal, i-extrusion yokupholisa i-die extrusion, i-extrusion ye-high-speed extrusion kunye nobunye ubugcisa be-extrusion yangaphambili, i-extrusion ye-reverse, i-hydrostatic extrusion Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo be-extrusion yokucinezela kunye ne-Conforming, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha be-extrusion obuphantsi. izixhobo, ukuphuhliswa kweendlela ezintsha ezifana ne-semi-solid metal extrusion kunye ne-multi-blank extrusion, ukuphuhliswa kweendawo ezincinci ezichanekileyo ze-Cold extrusion eyenza ubuchwepheshe, njl., ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zaphuhliswa ngokubanzi kwaye zisetyenziswa.
I-Spectrometer
I-Spectroscope sisixhobo senzululwazi esibolisa ukukhanya kunye nokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwimigca ye-spectral. Ukukhanya kwemibala esixhenxe ekukhanyeni kwelanga yinxalenye enokuthi iliso likwazi ukwahlula (ukukhanya okubonakalayo), kodwa ukuba ukukhanya kwelanga kuchithwa yi-spectrometer kwaye ihlelwe ngokuhambelana nobude be-wavelength, ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuthatha kuphela uluhlu oluncinci kwi-spectrum, kwaye ezinye ziyi-spectrums ezingenako ukwahlula ngeso lenyama, njengemitha ye-infrared, i-microwaves, i-ray-rays, i-rays ye-rays, njl. i-spectrometer, ephuhliswe ngefilimu yeefoto, okanye iboniswe kwaye ihlalutywe sisixhobo samanani esizenzekelayo esiboniswa ngekhompyutha, ukuze kubonwe ukuba zeziphi na izinto eziqulethwe kwinqaku. Le teknoloji isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuboneni ukungcoliseka komoya, ukungcoliseka kwamanzi, ukucoceka kokutya, imboni yesinyithi, njl.
I-Spectrometer, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-spectrometer, yaziwa ngokubanzi njenge-spectrometer yokufunda ngokuthe ngqo. Isixhobo esilinganisa ubunzulu bemigca yespectral kumaza ahlukeneyo obude kunye ne-photodetectors ezifana ne-photomultiplier tubes. Iqukethe i-slit yokungena, inkqubo yokusabalalisa, inkqubo ye-imaging kunye ne-slits enye okanye ngaphezulu yokuphuma. Imitha ye-electromagnetic yomthombo wemitha yahlulwe kumgama ofunekayo wamaza okanye ummandla wamaza ngesixhobo esichithakeleyo, kwaye ubunzulu bulinganiswa kubude obukhethiweyo (okanye ukuskena ibhendi ethile). Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-monochromators kunye ne-polychromators.
Uvavanyo Isixhobo-Conductivity imitha
I-digital hand-hold metal conductivity tester (imitha ye-conductivity) i-FD-101 isebenzisa umgaqo wokufunyanwa kwe-eddy yangoku kwaye yenzelwe ngokukodwa ngokweemfuno zokuqhuba ishishini lombane. Ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokuvavanya yoshishino lwesinyithi ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza kunye nokuchaneka.
1. imitha ye-Eddy conductivity yangoku FD-101 ineezintathu ezizodwa:
I-1) Imitha ye-conductivity yesiShayina kuphela edlulise ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Institute of Aeronautical Materials;
2) Imitha ye-conductivity yaseTshayina kuphela enokuthi ihlangabezane neemfuno zeenkampani zoshishino lweenqwelomoya;
3) Imitha ye-conductivity yaseTshayina kuphela ethunyelwa kumazwe amaninzi.
2. Intshayelelo yomsebenzi wemveliso:
I-1) Uluhlu olukhulu lokulinganisa: 6.9% IACS-110% IACS (4.0MS / m-64MS / m), edibana novavanyo lwe-conductivity yazo zonke izinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous.
I-2) Ukulinganisa okuhlakaniphile: ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuchanekile, ukuphepha ngokupheleleyo iimpazamo zokulinganisa ngesandla.
I-3) Isixhobo sinembuyekezo efanelekileyo yokushisa: ukufundwa ngokuzenzekelayo kuhlawulelwa ixabiso kwi-20 ° C, kwaye ukulungiswa akuchaphazeli impazamo yomntu.
I-4) Uzinzo oluhle: kukugada kwakho kulawulo lomgangatho.
I-5) Isoftware ekrelekrele yobuntu: Ikuzisela ujongano oluhle lokubona kunye nokusebenza okunamandla kwedatha kunye nemisebenzi yokuqokelela.
6) Ukusebenza ngokulula: indawo yokuvelisa kunye nelabhoratri inokusetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo, iphumelele inkoliseko uninzi lwabasebenzisi.
I-7) Ukutshintshwa kweeprobes: Umninimzi ngamnye unokuxhotyiswa ngeeprobes ezininzi, kwaye abasebenzisi banokuthatha indawo yabo nangaliphi na ixesha.
8) Isisombululo samanani: 0.1%IACS (MS/m)
9) Ujongano lokulinganisa ngaxeshanye lubonisa amaxabiso omlinganiselo kwiiyunithi ezimbini ze%IACS kunye neMS/m.
10) Inomsebenzi wokubamba idatha yokulinganisa.
Ukuqina koMvavanyi
Isixhobo samkela uyilo olulodwa kunye noluchanekileyo kwi-mechanics, i-optics kunye nomthombo wokukhanya, okwenza umfanekiso we-indentation ucace kwaye umlinganiselo uchaneke ngakumbi. Zombini i-20x kunye ne-40x iilensi zenjongo zinokuthatha inxaxheba kumlinganiselo, okwenza uluhlu lokulinganisa lube lukhulu kwaye isicelo sibe sibanzi. Isixhobo sixhotyiswe nge-microscope yokulinganisa idijithali, enokuthi ibonise indlela yokuvavanya, amandla okuvavanya, ubude be-indentation, ixabiso lobunzima, ixesha lokuvavanya amandla okuvavanya, amaxesha okulinganisa, njl njl kwisikrini se-liquid, kwaye inonxibelelwano oludibeneyo olunokuthi ludibaniswe kwikhamera yedijithali kunye nekhamera ye-CCD. Inommeli othile kwiimveliso zentloko yasekhaya.
Uvavanyo Isixhobo-Resistivity Detector
Isixhobo sokulinganisa i-wire resistivity sisixhobo sokuvavanya ukusebenza okuphezulu kwiiparameters ezifana nocingo, i-bar resistivity kunye ne-conductivity yombane. Ukusebenza kwayo kuhambelana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zobuchwepheshe ezifanelekileyo kwi-GB/T3048.2 kunye ne-GB/T3048.4. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-metallurgy, amandla ombane, ucingo kunye nentambo, izixhobo zombane, iikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi, iiyunithi zophando lwezenzululwazi kunye namanye amashishini.
Iimpawu eziphambili zesixhobo:
(1) Idibanisa ubuchwephesha be-elektroniki obuphambili, itekhnoloji ye-single-chip kunye neteknoloji yokufumanisa ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nomsebenzi oqinileyo wokuzenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza okulula;
(2) Cinezela nje isitshixo kube kanye, onke amaxabiso alinganisiweyo anokufunyanwa ngaphandle kokubala, alungele ubhaqo oluqhubekayo, olukhawulezayo noluchanekileyo;
(3) Uyilo olunamandla ebhetri, isayizi encinci, kulula ukuyiphatha, ilungele ukusetyenziswa ebaleni nasebaleni;
(4) Isikrini esikhulu, ifonti enkulu, inokubonisa ukumelana, ukuhanjiswa, ukuxhathisa kunye namanye amaxabiso alinganisiweyo kunye nobushushu, uvavanyo lwangoku, i-coefficient yembuyekezo yobushushu kunye nezinye iiparamitha ezincedisayo ngaxeshanye, enembile kakhulu;
(5) Umatshini omnye unenjongo ezininzi, kunye nojongano lokulinganisa i-3, oko kukuthi i-conductor resistivity kunye ne-conductivity measurement interface, i-cable comprehensive parameter measurement interface, kunye ne-cable DC resistance measurement interface (uhlobo lwe-TX-300B);
(6) Umlinganiselo ngamnye unemisebenzi yokhetho oluzenzekelayo lwangoku, ukuguqulwa kwangoku okuzenzekelayo, ulungiso oluzenzekelayo lweziro, kunye nolungiso oluzenzekelayo lwembuyekezo yobushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwexabiso lomlinganiselo ngamnye;
(7) Isixhobo esiphathwayo esisodwa esiphathwayo esinesiphelo sesine silungele umlinganiselo okhawulezayo wezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zeengcingo okanye imivalo;
(8) Imemori yedatha eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, enokurekhoda kwaye igcine iiseti ze-1000 zedatha yokulinganisa kunye neeparitha zokulinganisa, kwaye udibanise kwikhompyutheni ephezulu ukuvelisa ingxelo epheleleyo.